Berlin is certainly very rich in history, but blink and you might just miss one of the lesser-known but fascinating aspects of Berlin's history: its network of water pumps. Dotted throughout the city, these pumps tell a tale of innovation, resilience, and artistic evolution. Below we’ll look at how Berlin's water supply system evolved and the role these iconic pumps played in the city's development.

From Backyard Wells to Street Pumps

Up until the 18th century, every house in Berlin had a well in the backyard, providing the city's primary water supply. As the city expanded and modernized, the limitations of these individual wells became apparent. By the start of the 19th century, these wells were gradually replaced by street pumps, a more efficient and communal solution. By the 1850s, over 6,000 pumps dotted the streets of Berlin, serving as the main source of water for residents.

The Rise of Waterworks and the Decline of Pumps

The construction of Berlin's first waterworks in 1856 marked a significant shift in the city's water supply infrastructure. With a centralized system in place, the street pumps began to fall into disuse. However, they weren't completely abandoned. During times of crisis, such as the military coup in 1920 and the bombings of World War II, these pumps became lifelines for the city's residents when the central water supply was disrupted.

Architectural Evolution of Berlin's Water Pumps

Berlin's water pumps are not just functional artifacts; they are also a reflection of the city's architectural and artistic trends. The oldest water pumps, dating back to the 1880s, are now listed as historic sites. These pumps exhibit a neo-baroque style, characterized by their ornate designs and intricate details. As we move into the 1920s, we see a shift towards a simpler, slimmer neo-classical design, reflecting the evolution of artistic styles over time.

Modern-Day Significance

Today, approximately 2,100 water pumps still exist in Berlin, with around 1,600 of them in working condition. These pumps have been preserved and maintained as a precautionary measure in case of emergencies.

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